Another articulating feature is the flat, broad surface called the facet. Both the head and condyle are usually covered in articular cartilage for ease of movement at the joints. A similarly rounded knuckle-like projection is the condyle, also found at the ends of long bones. These articulations form a ball-and-socket joint, as seen at the hip and shoulder joints. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of large, long bones. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.Īrticulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. While a sulcus is a narrow groove that houses nerves and blood vessels running along the surface of a bone a fossa is a broad, shallow depression that helps the bone articulate with another bone.Īdditionally, multiple openings, such as the round foramen and the narrow fissure, allow nerves, vessels, and other tissues to pass through the bones.īones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. They also attach to muscles and ligaments.ĭepressions are indentations that support other structures. Large bones, such as the femur and humerus, form joints via a rounded head supported by a narrow neck.īones also have processes, such as narrow ridges called crests or sharp, slender projections called spines, for the attachment of muscles, ligaments, and tendons.Įpicondyles are small, rounded prominences present on the condyles, and tubercles are those present on other regions of the bone.
These features include articulating projections, attachment processes, depressions, and openings.Īrticulating projections, such as rounded condyles and flat facets, help form joints with other bones. These markings include the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal lines, and the external occipital crest.Bone markings are features on their surface that help them interact with other bones and tissues. This is why when you read too much anatomy and start to nod off your head falls forward. To counteract this weight difference the muscles at the back of the neck must be strong enough to resist the head falling forward. If you look at a lateral view of the skull you can see that the greater mass of the skull is anterior to the occipital condyle. Markings – The markings on the external surface of the occipital bone are all involved with attachments of the ligaments and large muscles that are necessary to hold the head erect. Parts – The two main parts of the occipital bone are the squamous part which is the flat bone part that forms the posterior part of the calvarium and the basilar part which is the part that connects the bone to the sphenoid bone. Therefore, it has a pair of condyles, the occipital condyles found on the inferior surface that articulate with the atlas as discussed earlier. The occipital bone is the cranial bone that forms the posterior part of the calvarium and also is the articulation point with the bones of the neck.
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